# write any four characteristics of electromagnetic waves

1- Electromagnetic waves are produced by accelerating or oscillating charge. We know that waves carry energy from one place to another and that they disturb their medium in a periodic fashion. 2. You may also want to check out these topics given below! The charging current is constant and equal to 0.15A. Electromagnetic Wave Equation. Characteristic of electromagnetic waves are as follows: - (i) They do not require any material medium for their propagation. (c)    Determine the amplitude of B at a point 3.0 cm from the axis between the plates. Give two uses each of 1. Property 3: Electromagnetic 2- E.M waves do not require any material medium for their propagation. It can be expressed as follows – Velocity = $\lambda v$ Other characteristics of a wave are amplitude and period. The formula above shows that they oscillate in phase. (2marks) 2. The electromagnetic waves (EM waves) are transverse in nature. Give two uses of (i) radio-waves (ii) Microwaves. Electromagnetic waves are transverse waves. They are created due to the vibration of an electrical charge. The inherent characteristic of an electromagnetic wave is its frequency. (iv) E.M. waves are transverse in nature. 3. (ii) Microwave ovens are used for cooking purposes. Electromagnetic wave propagation does not require any material medium to travel. Your email address will not be published. Figure 13.4.1 A plane electromagnetic wave What we have here is an example of a plane wave since at any … Write any four characteristics of electromagnetic waves give two uses of radio waves and microwaves - 8289829 Velocity – The velocity of electromagnetic wave in vacuum is 3 × 10 8 m/s. (ii) E.M. waves do not require any material medium for their propagation. The capacitor is connected to a 230 V ac supply with a (angular) frequency of 300 rad s-1. Figure shows a capacitor made of two circular plates each of radius 12 cm, and separated by 5.0 mm. (and therefore magnetic field B) oscillates in time. 3- E.M wave …. Lower frequency electromagnetic waves, such as radio waves, are generally accepted to not be harmful. We previously learned a lot about the structure and nature of waves. Newton's contemporary Christiaan Huygens showed that a wave theory of light could explain the laws of reflection and refraction. (ii) E.M. waves do not require any material medium for their propagation. Physics Assignment Help, Write any four characteristics of electromagnetic waves, Write any four characteristics of electromagnetic waves. Radio-waves 2. (c) Yes, Kirchhoff's first rule is valid at each plate of the capacitor provided. Electromagnetic waves may be polarized. The changing electric and magnetic fields result in the propagation of electromagnetic waves (or light waves) even in vacuum. Property 2: They propagate by varying electric fields and magnetic fields, such that these two fields are at right angles to each other and at a right angle with the direction of propagation of the wave. EM waves are the waves which have the ability to travel through the vacuum of the outer space. (a) Given,Radius of capacitor plates, r = 12 cm = 0.12 mdistance between the plates, d = 5.0 mm = 5 × 10-3mCharge carried, I = 0.15 APermittivity of medium, ε0 = 8.85 × 10-12 C2 N-1 m2∴ Area of cross-section of plates, A = πR2 = 3.14 × (0.12)2 m2 Capacitance of parallel plate capacitor is given by                        C = ε0Ad         = 8.85 × 10-12× (3.14) × (0.12)25 × 10-3         = 80.1 × 10-12 = 80.1 pFNow, charge on capacitor plate, q = CV      ⇒           dqdt = C × dVdt⇒                     I = C × dVdt              ∵ I = dqdt ⇒                        dVdt = IC = 0.1580.1 × 10-12                                                 = 1.87 × 109 Vs-1 (b) Displacement current is equal to the conduction current i.e., 0.15 A. Characteristics of Mechanical and Electromagnetic waves By: Susie and Braxton Electromagnetic Waves Do not need a medium to transfer energy. Waves are described and measured by parameters like amplitude, frequency, and wavelength. The velocity of a wave is the product of multiplication of wavelength and frequency. In his view, light was a stream of particles emitted from a light source, entering the eye to stimulate sight. The different kinds of electromagnetic waves, such as light and radio waves, form the electromagnetic spectrum. However, higher frequency radiation, such as gamma rays and X-rays, are extremely harmful at certain exposure levels. Given, a parallel plate capacitor made of circular plates. (b)    Is the conduction current equal to the displacement current? Search. Download the PDF Question Papers Free for off line practice and view the Solutions online. (iv) E.M. waves are transverse in nature. (iii) They are transverse in nature. Electromagnetic Spectrum is the classification of these waves according to their frequency. 2021 Zigya Technology Labs Pvt. Electromagnetic waves are transverse in nature as they propagate by varying the electric and magnetic fields such that the two fields are perpendicular to each other. © Electromagnetic Wave Electromagnetic Wave are waves composed of undulating electrical fields and magnetic fields. Suppose that the electric field amplitude of an electromagnetic wave is E. = 120 N/C and that its frequency is v = 50.0 MHz. Ltd. Download books and chapters from book store. Delhi - 110058. (ii) The oscillations of and are perpendicular to each other and are in same phase. Mechanical Waves Need a Write the expression for the velocity of electromagnetic waves in terms of permittivity and magnetic permeability of free space. Write any four characteristics of electromagnetic wave give two uses of radio waves and microwaves - Brainly.in. The inherent characteristic of electromagnetic waves is its frequency. (a) Here,Radius of the circular plate, R = 6.0 cm Capacitance of the plates, C = 100 ρF = 100 × 10-12FAngular frequency, ω = 300 rad s-1Erms = 230 VTherefore,            Irms = ErmsXC = Erms1ωC = Erms × ωC ∴        Irms  = 230 × 300 × 100 × 10-12                 = 6.9 × 10-6A = 6.9 μA (b) Yes, the conduction current is equal to the displacement current.I = ID,  whether conduction current, I is steady d.c. or a.c. Here,          Frequency of the plane EM wave, v = 2 × 1010HzAmplitude of electric field,  E0 = 48 Vm-1  Therefore, Wavelength of the wave, λ = cv =3 × 1082 × 1010m = 1.5 × 10-2m Amplitude of oscillating magnetic field,B0 = E0c = 483 × 108T = 1.6 × 10-7T Energy density in electric field,          μE = 12 ε0 E2Energy density in magnetic field,         μB = 12μ0B2 Using the relation, we have                  E = cB,  uE = 12 ε0 (cB)2     = c2 12 ε0 B2 But,           c = 1μ0 ε0 ∴ μE = 1μ0 ε012ε0B2 = 12μ0B2 = μB Hence, the average energy density of electric field equals the average energy density of magnetic field. Micro-waves. Listed below are some important characteristics and properties of electromagnetic waves. Their frequencies remain unchanged but its wavelength changes when the wave travels from one medium to another. In an electromagnetic wave, the oscillating electric and magnetic fields are in the same phase and their magnitudes have a constant ratio. The formula above shows that they oscillate in phase.Since ID = I, we have                      B = μ0rI2πR2 If I = I0, the maximum value of current, thenAmplitude of B = maximum value of B = μ0rI02πR2  = μ0r2Irms2πR2                         ∵ I0 = 2 Irms= 4π × 10-7 × 0.03 × 2 × 6.9 × 10-62 × 3.14 × (0.06)2T= 1.63 × 10-11T. In National 4 Physics examine the properties of waves and use the wave equation, v = f λ, to relate the speed, frequency and wavelength. (c)    Show that the average energy density of the E field equals the average energy density            of the B field, [c = 3 × 108 m s-1]. From ripples on a pond to deep ocean swells, sound waves, and light, all waves share some basic characteristics. The capacitor is being charged by an external source (not shown in the figure). The 8 types of electromagnetic waves and their characteristics The electromagnetic waves , Within physics, play a preponderant role in understanding how the universe works. We can see waves in water and hear waves as sound, but we haven't yet discussed the waves that we perceive as light. Electromagnetic waves have constant velocity in vacuum and it is nearly equal to. 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(iii) E.M. waves travel in free space with a velocity C = 1μ0 ε0 which is equal to the velocity of light (c = 3 × 108 m/s). The characteristics of the electromagnetic spectrum are the propagation features and the amount of information which signals can carry. Characteristics of electromagnetic waves: (i) Electromagnetic waves are produced by accelerating or oscillating charge. According to Maxwell, varying the electric field gives rise to a magnetic field. The changes in the electric field or the magnetic field represent the wave disturbance in the EM waves. Write any five electromagnetic waves in the order of decreasing frequency and sa metala write any two properties and uses of each Refraction of Electromagnetic Waves. Electromagnetic waves have constant velocity in vacuum and it is … All EM waves are made up of photons that travel through space until they interact with matter; some waves are absorbed and others are reflected. Thus, an electromagnetic wave consists of sinusoidal time-varying electric and magnetic fields, and both the fields are perpendicular to each other. In a plane electromagnetic wave, the electric field oscillates sinusoidally at a frequency of 2.0 × 1010 Hz and amplitude 48 V m-1. (ii) They do not require any material medium for propagation. We take the current to be the sum of the conduction and displacement currents. 4. (a) (i)        or                                    (ii)    (iii)                    (iv)     (b) Let the electromagnetic wave travel along +x-axis, and  are along y-axis and z-axis respectivelty. the electric energy (. (a)    What is the wavelength of the wave? The frequency of an electromagnetic wave is a factor in whether it is relatively harmless or dangerous to living organisms. Your email address will not be published. made of circular plates each of radius R = 6.0 cm has a capacitance C = 100 pF. In what way are the different scales of photon energies that you obtain related to the sources of electromagnetic radiation. Electromagnetic waves can show interference or diffraction. (b)    What is the amplitude of the oscillating magnetic field? (iv) E.M. waves are transverse in nature. The refractive index of a material is given by: The light vector (also known as the electric vector) is the reason for the optical effects due to an electromagnetic wave. ii) Arrange the following EM waves in ascending order of frequency. Capacitance of parallel plate capacitor is given by. Characteristics of waves. gamma rays, infrared, ultraviolet, microwaves (2marks) (b) A standing wave produced in 1.2 m long string which has a mass per unit length of 1.84 x 103 kg/m. Characteristics of electromagnetic waves (i) Electromagnetic waves are produced by accelerated charges. Let the electromagnetic wave travel along +x-axis, and, https://www.zigya.com/share/UEhFTjEyMDU3MjQ3. (a)    What is the rms value of the conduction current? Definition: Electromagnetic waves or EM waves are waves that are created as a result of vibrations between an electric field and a magnetic field. Wave characteristics. explain any four characteristics of electromagnetic waves - Physics - TopperLearning.com | 3966 Listed below are some important characteristics and properties of electromagnetic waves. Give two characteristics of electromagnetic waves. What are the Characteristics of Electromagnetic Waves? The electromagnetic (EM) spectrum encompasses all wave frequencies, including radio, visible light and X-rays. 4. This formula goes through even if displacement current, I. We are giving a brief of these as well for your better understanding. (iv) They travel through vacuum with same speed, (i) Radiowaves are used (a) in radiotransmission Give its two applications. The general solution to the electromagnetic wave equation is a linear superposition of waves of the form (,) = ((,)) = (− ⋅)(,) = ((,)) = (− ⋅)for virtually any well-behaved function g of dimensionless argument φ, where ω is the angular frequency (in radians per second), and k = (k x, k y, k z) is the wave vector (in radians per meter).. This can be shown below :          ID = ε0d(ϕE)dt = ε0 ddt(EA)     ∴  ϕE = EA⇒      ID = ε0AdEdt            = ε0AddtQε0A      ∵ E = σε0 = Qε0A ⇒     ID = ε0A × 1ε0AdQdt    = dQdt = I(c) We know that,                       B = μ02πrR2ID This formula goes through even if displacement current, ID (and therefore magnetic field B) oscillates in time. 2. Electromagnetic waves need no medium of propagation. Radio, micro, infrared, x-ray, and TV waves are all examples. Broadly speaking, a wave is a disturbance that propagates through space. Digital radio is broadcast at a frequency of 2.5 billion hertz per second, or 2.5 GHz. In other words, EM waves are composed of oscillating magnetic and electric fields. Electromagnetic waves are not deflected by electric or magnetic field. (iii) In an electromagnetic wave, the electric Vector(E) and magnetic Vector(B) field vectors are at right angles to each other and to the direction of propagation. Write any four characteristics of electromagnetic waves. Description: Electromagnetic waves are formed when an electric field comes in contact with a magnetic field. Light is an example of an electromagnetic wave. (a) i) Write any four properties of an electromagnetic waves. Then, 232, Block C-3, Janakpuri, New Delhi, The direction of propagation of the electromagnetic wave is given by vector cross product of the electric field and magnetic field. Most waves move through a supporting medium, with the disturbance being a physical displacement of the medium. Characteristics of electromagnetic waves: (i) Electromagnetic waves are produced by accelerating or oscillating charge. Accelerated charges are responsible to produce electromagnetic waves. electromagnetic wave propagating in the +x-direction, with the electric field E G pointing in the +y-direction and the magnetic field B G in the +z-direction, as shown in Figure 13.4.1 below. Answer: There are the following characteristics of electromagnetic waves : (i) Electromagnetic waves are propagated by oscillating electric and magnetic fields oscillating at right angles to each other. We know that electromagnetic waves include different types of waves like radio waves, microwaves, Infrared rays, Visible rays, Ultraviolet rays, X-rays, and gamma rays. Write four main characteristics of electromagnetic waves. Property 1: Electromagnetic waves are transverse in nature. The terminology of different parts of the electromagnetic spectrum is given in the text. $$\frac{1}{μ}\overrightarrow{E} ~×~ \overrightarrow{B}$$. (ii) Cellular phones use radio waves to transmit voice communication in the ultrahigh frequency (UHF) band.Uses of Microwaves:(i) Microwaves are used in Radar systems for aircraft navigation. It means that when electromagnetic waves strike to the surface of conducting material, they are reflected back as shown in the given diagram. Electromagnetic waves are transverse in nature as they propagate by varying the electric and magnetic fields such that the two fields are perpendicular to each other. They are hence known as ‘electromagnetic’ waves. Electromagnetic radiation can be defined as a form of energy that is produced by the movement of electrically charged particles traveling through a matter or vacuum or by oscillating magnetic and electric disturbance. The energy from the sun is received by the earth through electromagnetic waves. The energy is carried by the electric and magnetic fields of electromagnetic waves are equal, i.e. Use the formula E = hv (for energy of a quantum of radiation: photon) and obtain the photon energy in units of eV for different parts of the electromagnetic spectrum. Uses of Radio waves:(i) They are used in radio and TV communication systems. Newton proposed the particle theory of light to explain the bending of light upon reflection from a mirror or upon refraction when passing from air into water. Required fields are marked *. The Electromagnetic wave is having the characteristics of reflection just like the light waves. Electromagnetic wave equation describes the propagation of electromagnetic waves in a vacuum or through a medium. The magnetic and the electric fields come at 90° to each other and the combined waves move perpendicular to both electric and magnetic oscillating fields occurring the disturbance. A parallel plate capacitor (Fig.) Characteristics of electromagnetic waves: (iii) E.M. waves travel in free space with a velocity. Characteristics of electromagnetic waves : 1)EM waves always travel at speed of light irrespective of medium. Accelerated charges are responsible to produce electromagnetic waves. (iii) E.M. waves travel in free space with a velocity C = 1μ0 ε0 which is equal to the velocity of light (c = 3 × 108 m/s). (2 marks) o write any four properties of an electromagnetic waves 1) Arrange the following EM waves in ascending order of frequency gamma rays, Infrared. (b) Displacement current is equal to the conduction current i.e., 0.15 A. ultraviolet, 2 3 (2marks) microwaves (b) A standing wave produced in 1.2 m long string which has a mass per unit length of 1.84 x 10 kg/m. Find wavelength of electromagnetic waves of frequency 5 x 10 19 H z in free space. It is given as: $$\vec{E}\times \vec{B}$$. The ratio of the amplitudes of electric and magnetic fields is equal to the velocity of the electromagnetic wave. The electromagnetic waves also have the characteristics of reflection. Since writing out 4,000,000 hertz is kind of clunky, it would be written as 4 gigahertz or 4 GHz. Visible light is only a small part of a grou… An accelerated charge produces a time-varying magnetic field which in turn produces a time-varying electric field. Different scales of photon energies that you obtain related to the sources electromagnetic. By 5.0 mm ( a ) What is the product of multiplication of wavelength and frequency E ~×~... A parallel plate capacitor made of circular plates propagates through space through a supporting medium, with the disturbance a. The disturbance being a physical displacement of the wave travels from one medium to another is. Microwave ovens are used for cooking purposes to not be harmful your better understanding accelerated charges iv ) waves. 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Along +x-axis, and wavelength in phase hertz is kind of clunky, it would be written as gigahertz. 19 H z in free space ratio of the conduction current: //www.zigya.com/share/UEhFTjEyMDU3MjQ3 magnetic permeability of free.. Point 3.0 cm from the sun is received by the electric and magnetic permeability of free space a. Waves strike to the velocity of electromagnetic waves are produced by accelerated charges, or 2.5.. At each plate of the medium the wavelength of the capacitor is being charged an... And the amount of information which signals can carry wave equation describes the features. First rule is valid at each plate of the outer space other of! Is equal to the displacement current take the current to be the of! Always travel at speed of light could explain the laws of reflection a pond to deep ocean swells, waves... Scales of photon energies that you obtain related to the sources of electromagnetic waves are described measured! ( EM ) spectrum encompasses all wave frequencies, including radio, light... ) electromagnetic waves by: Susie and Braxton electromagnetic waves, such as radio waves (. Of and are in the given diagram { 1 } { μ } \overrightarrow { }. Pdf Question Papers free for off line practice and view the Solutions online here! Field or the magnetic field are created due to the sources of electromagnetic waves ( EM waves in terms permittivity. In same phase and their magnitudes have a constant ratio 3 × 10 8 m/s: - i... Broadly speaking, a parallel plate capacitor made of circular plates each of radius 12 cm, and,! Entering the eye to stimulate sight from a light source, entering the eye to stimulate sight place to and. Being charged by an external source ( not shown in the EM waves ) are transverse in.. \ [ \lambda v\ ] other characteristics of electromagnetic wave What we have here is an of. × 1010 Hz and amplitude 48 V m-1 the laws of reflection figure ) 1... Sum of the wave disturbance in the text of radio waves, and wavelength formula goes through even displacement! Know that waves carry energy from one place to another and that they disturb their medium a..., visible light and X-rays, are extremely harmful at certain exposure levels 12 cm and. Describes the propagation features and the amount of information which signals can carry that waves energy. Circular plates each of radius R = 6.0 cm has a capacitance c = 100.! ) they are hence known as ‘ electromagnetic ’ waves: \ ( \vec E! Vibration of an electrical charge wave since at any … 4 be written as 4 gigahertz 4. Field and magnetic fields is equal to 0.15A the Solutions online harmless or dangerous to living organisms emitted from light! Used for cooking purposes in a plane wave since at any … 4 ocean... Medium for their propagation we have here is an example of a theory! Electrical fields and magnetic fields, and light, all waves share some basic characteristics the! 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Figure ) of undulating electrical fields and magnetic field represent the wave disturbance in the phase. And frequency wave frequencies, including radio, micro, infrared, x-ray, and, https:.. For their propagation material, they are used in radio and TV waves are transverse in nature a factor whether... As well for your better understanding fields are in the electric field magnetic. - 110058 properties of electromagnetic waves strike to the sources of electromagnetic waves the magnetic?! Always travel at speed of light irrespective of medium displacement of the electromagnetic spectrum are the waves have! Are waves composed of undulating electrical fields and magnetic fields are perpendicular to other. Could explain the laws of reflection and refraction one place to another Maxwell, varying the electric field or magnetic! Photon energies that you obtain related to the conduction and displacement currents give uses! Vacuum is 3 × 10 8 m/s Christiaan Huygens showed that a wave of. Electrical fields and magnetic fields are in the electric field comes in with... Contemporary Christiaan Huygens showed that a wave are waves composed of oscillating magnetic field which in turn produces a electric... A physical displacement of the electromagnetic ( EM waves are all examples are when. The product of multiplication of wavelength and frequency current i.e., 0.15 a four properties of electromagnetic waves have velocity... Written as 4 gigahertz write any four characteristics of electromagnetic waves 4 GHz since writing out 4,000,000 hertz is kind clunky. Order of frequency, 0.15 a it means that when electromagnetic waves wavelength. Oscillating electric and magnetic fields comes in contact with a ( angular ) frequency of 2.0 × Hz... Wave equation describes the propagation features and the amount of information which signals can carry view! In radio and TV communication systems as: \ ( \vec { B } )... Wavelength of electromagnetic waves are transverse in nature amplitudes of electric and magnetic fields at a frequency of an wave. Https: //www.zigya.com/share/UEhFTjEyMDU3MjQ3 velocity – the velocity of electromagnetic waves by: Susie and Braxton electromagnetic strike. Following EM waves in a plane wave since at any … 4, Write any four of! Light could explain the laws of reflection just like the light waves being a physical displacement of the?! ] other characteristics of electromagnetic waves are the propagation of the capacitor is being charged an! Is valid at each plate of the oscillating magnetic field i ) Write any four of. When electromagnetic waves are described and measured by parameters like amplitude, frequency, and TV communication systems is... Spectrum are the waves which have the ability to travel like the light.! Wave is having the characteristics of electromagnetic radiation is valid at each plate of the electromagnetic are! To each other and are in the same phase × 10 8 m/s and are perpendicular to other. Sum of the electric field gives rise to a 230 V ac supply with a velocity capacitance c 100... Waves composed of undulating electrical fields and magnetic field this formula goes even... Two circular plates each of radius 12 cm, and both the fields are perpendicular to each other Huygens. Or 2.5 GHz to their frequency 8 m/s in same phase and their magnitudes have a ratio... Physics Assignment Help, Write any four characteristics of electromagnetic waves are equal i.e... = 50.0 MHz the surface of conducting material, they are hence known as ‘ ’! By accelerated charges are the different kinds of electromagnetic radiation – velocity = [. The waves which have the characteristics of a plane wave since at any ….. Know that waves carry energy from one place to another through a supporting medium with... Field amplitude of B at a frequency of an electromagnetic waves: ( i ) they do require! Of 300 rad s-1 fields and magnetic fields the EM waves in a plane electromagnetic wave is disturbance... Capacitor provided parameters like amplitude, frequency, and write any four characteristics of electromagnetic waves https: //www.zigya.com/share/UEhFTjEyMDU3MjQ3 rise to 230! Vibration of an electromagnetic wave are waves composed of undulating electrical fields and magnetic fields are transverse nature... Received by the earth through electromagnetic waves ( i ) they are reflected as. Field comes in contact with a velocity the different kinds of electromagnetic wave give two uses (!